For as long as civilisations have existed, humans have mapped their surroundings. The earliest surviving example is the Babylonian Map of the World, a broken stone tablet dating from around 600 BC, depicting the course of the Euphrates. Maps have been integral to human progress. They have helped explorers and allowed for the development of trade and diplomacy.
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