This is the last in a three-part series (find parts one and two here) and I’ll focus on pricing and allocating the IPO shares — in other words, how to figure out what price shareholders are willing to pay to invest in the company, and which investors to allocate shares to. Spoiler: in short, you want to price such that the company maximises its return from the IPO while signing up the right mix of long-term investors.
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