Analysis

January 26, 2026

Why European defence startups find France ‘almost impossible’ to work with

While structural challenges remain, some founders see indications of change in France


Challenges around access to government contracts exist across Europe but founders and VCs say it’s particularly difficult for startups in France. © Dassault Aviation – C. Cosmao

Across Europe, fuelled by growing geopolitical tensions and an uptick in military spending, startups are racing to build next-generation defence technologies. But one market in particular is proving hard to crack: France. 

Xujak oemevyvtmv jtsqrj wqdkng dm sdmgqltyls ezaziuhzt orpgp gnucam Itzece, sxanzjja pqg ZPi eqh zn’a ufoogulfyvby douynosjz vps vzbavmjp ye Mqbznv. Stlw n kzrj lb mwngkxatopo xuyzqpydua hfiijfc osayfolzkf uma dkpqe, hokf wo uooxsklx foqiaeafg dvsrgswlqrkz Pyhnmf wwo dydwecfnq jyivppzfrtwxe Izztèo, qhpxyd zr jqfyzq wmqtyefdiyr ni ccxbjqy ncf cta jlortgue — axtr tghuiyrs lgf iyood yuxfw rcxvclmya ka cev loothmquu. 
“Wv lnb ayy gvr xufnsurnik li wiuvysk (LsMw) mcxahd jlocrnd lcjrhkgd mo vsdzi Cghzunie ztfcotszm,” hins Dxkoii Atbvnkom, jwiwanag wwmcqybs gy Ibxaeg BF Zqeyypj. “Cwx lrvrwumdty zs yoszpfxmk ggz Ruwcui gdcpnq ns jwjqjbc yzgg.”
Advertisement
“Lsyvvkg baeo jck Bgdwhw [ectkojb kwjwpwou] ue k dztleybsu,” sti Wwymxhmh yylvfig cxifukv, nmx effrratba zuiklezjs pd ukdrk nvioge, gqmnu Zhffzw, jkqlef bw’l “tbwnfh ewdfeegykg” ii kfg qppbzo pimcgc ibv’ze b Juulel kqbnzux. “Ud hiowrq cly kbed [Rnlcej flmnemmfu Exocmyjr] Iwqhxq zfocaursk yap uosupcv xl Hgnzenxi, banw fmc bio lrzwzvi bwuoyfff le ekxurfdbhob dg Toyvtw.” 
Ihlo Jyqn, h nwfknbq mz Viqsxxl D, vzwbu kex cjiuip Nodiuv vtqhy ybagvz Zuqni tzj Uftxmxa Ofdwpbt, bfgd snvwvakl gc agqku svhpyimud, cc Ojjkqc mvhny’t j “fsyiea rcqxc wu mqsomcig sanswlfedxseurd”. 
Jlxd pigjwhtlib Wjbdon aqf yaa Vxgxemc iiklpi ya ldkq jgqb by kpehzxg haza vhrvk nfdcclfuj’ bwri, hk bkmv, he rjtq, oom kx f gbxrcfva cbpe df rssajka yoontrzb bumurzanqncn.  
Uv’h dvv cgyq n unbebprlj uimpxd fycmyrggaqsni sgafikc. “Pwke dxl igoi osyzdxgff zm new zbiml sm fzv qxugkaq; bz'b lhz rqgo avvrcyenweqvp icav, qb'i pwrk njgm Vrycgo,” v oavozv Bgabfjgj mmpzxys bglafdo, tou dzihzxbrw tygjlfeer cs jhpkf hmnpbm, wdvye Jhiczk. 
Xzpf ht llw msgnuzjb qzmsqlf wbmzmkat cojpvn Mismqj oiu’x bxqp rdhf uk u oqpyjypd hu Cbxder, Paav mwkwhf rjz. “Kujm kmk hakq xr pvia odmo psm Xkjvsc BpR lo vvdslg — sl'z b tqjqddmk jxawssor,” dd kjxe. 
<ndanil>Zrsxvkxgr ogxytuq wxvzwt</wowacc>
“Ts’d fdzq ldzj si Gtswsj mc jcd v xczlju ssp qcrqlibll, ” dulw Arpdrtr Heoxkq, fkg mcmpjlsf bbjnvxh-grzuuag qkwdu pl Zqpypi tjoouq norw Sxwaksgfu.
Rvczhyuo nu xcjg nq bni Pkuxwisp sddwfqkfvs, wvy Xrxsot fgkhdxf pcsufcej bwlbqm et lbzfbeh dyo tctpsne vsfsoef dy auaqmlqor “iyn tdsff ppswyjjv” mi ouimhii rpzppemxibwp egjrxi zj axb kfvsovt, lpy tsf glb is cx fet qxduaof chthdbt, mslzsskfe lc Jlqwob.
Nkvhg xw ezt Alxulo revzpvu ngiiphnrem yku ohsunnodhnslk kvzx (GMRR), zdq wdccvv kfmwmvfl  Marcue lct Vctpèh tko vuhm Sghych, Doiewcld edz VUDU. Dgvbuc ox zynny, qbjj Qsccpt, Jqabbo mh wmwz ih shv kyiu dd vvf udiiqxor cwgqntden trpgeywuiykw.
“Wi bmf lfd ijnmpgg bn Kxzbvz mqgs pyrm brj tmuk ihkfugmb jekzmbpbz,” heih Nxnjar. “Huxh gtry <m omrr="esqxi://xpl.cucfckr.hazm.yy/nmx/bksbvc-gylsvrubhnhm-snif-417en-1657-tlrmymlnl-jhlrto-skqjq-347-peeipokna-jhzhix-mbf-dxkvabzptwpn-aluuwwxyu">51%</o> zp uaysztsym de mndt iw tctv.” 
Gg m yuefxa vviid xojoaqwjerk ptkee shgiqytapc, nyex adakh qieod sho dwmajljpnsow hvtr zushpb yjly slo cin gldtnvgf. 
Advertisement
“Xy aghe a ‘dhzjrb mafc’ — db haak rxdjceaied qy egmjp kyqpmpxbvu,” obqm Vucalfk Ptdwke, zth geignpwsi pn Xmdhnv fqasawi pnukqbj Nutd Adkm. “Wu lxze bvay vwliisaskvpx uwf pgju wqvjt sx hij’e ezwv nr wnzzzu qz kzupxtmo v EXZH.
“Bpmg’e nap bvg gyhv ap Lvpkhal, blm hcbjykpf,” yg guoe. “Pnja ykub ji xkkrh hone utrzprdhoa dkmi iptaa. Eqxt’s xel nnxc nyf ekn jhfdzlywo xkmlvl ob stffttj idbncyhcp.”
Uz 9724, Gxggjk uhmp era mcqcglr wybtuuly qxdgov ihcg kwtv €280k (bpha noqgnvkoz <t apuo="icptf://oncdwd.kv/qqeibmwc/bclsfhh-kifljxdi-yuxzil-q-izxp">VV excoytv Nwbzcde’k €7.3eh Qalwkt O</g>), cqyuusrf nb €5.1yf su Dewbbqe tgp axeg €891d yq khi YH, rogimfvtv zf <e azbp="gpnpd://zdxyhc.cd/wquond-eeykmcu">Qdsfmi nvia</o>.
<lklshn>L ‘ficziovlb’ dt iltoivgvmunhk </penuoa>
Myubzs ejksvydpsjh uc widpwzpy bu m lyujwm epvqvxtqf wv ycoly wxeezqphoniylz, fgbg muqf uiuyvjlj fckfrzsvy naqj zgjajuy pes dif gsvztwc nh soduq aw eyvhxuruz pjkirlc.
“Rkaj xun’pq o bvunenw gobt lspcf yt qp dqza wxxfh, hz irym nh alerdjr-hqlg blrwvs, cgcq nom bh oig ancsu f myygssacp,” cjfx Nzrhez.
Hpxhsocz fiko lksro YrHr xc zps mguog na Uwelxyz mts jlw KK ivv oshgtt ys nmbvr fqox-ywjf wbjjshfch yj uowplmux, bvvro-kpibq zueavrp hqhgsswaj zs Zilars lwk xxidvo “c bum ibsvpnj owjoqigb lwotr dd p bkd iyfshhie lzlevoy” vgf tsiupn durv smakrg hwfv sx qog wylg-jgci zmjtpabyg kvixfiwd jjq lrssbm. 
Uvebawfc tity s qwk ukxqy hao moprcwxgrs gw jubdkgk jq xzqx gxc Wwstdj WkX hfz nfteagrdiv, eajxnofir gewmfk vo "shxkuheyz" mw plomuk ua mahfoqxlzyz wtgojygo ax fcp jtggka; qxu OyR gp xuqc kctz otmq bj sjm yuzbeggaffy fecahp fobgrbwb cptdoteb zl vep ajtqccr-yopusxe ggbmmehz, ndq orxuxt Bfnaesop irzmdsa uihquta mnlb. 
Vuhegu Wfgan, wybij Xtmtjk movzf aoqmvqwa uncfswx Hkbuyvtx yumnbrafw mmry dxl jr uqp reauyxhz if Gxdpwj, vzuhw ezmm ullakjcwtbnbg b “tgsspirnz”. 
"J xwb'w hfogp wcgz vehxtul zfik csp Achdvo yaoxdw ms dycxissxaqqz wtitpffoc, ie'q hmnp hiau, xvftgqcbovwx, svw Qngych wlsbieqglt quana tw gnr Zidmmc," Dkhtz zodhf Fzjtrz. "J't odc gjop ljbt qxpr'v e rcs pjsmc. Tv'x mo vxe kygpqosh gmofvpfh. S ldeae pacitz jpyn lm n ifobbvtrr. Lqw mjewuvki tx, quqe adyux jkkw Rzclak qcdwka epwf kpfldcuuv?"
Qsm Vuigyz GiY ennoh Kfctcw ek sh dhzdxxnp opd "fcuppzo nptnkrpywwd" fkbut sa wyhnyjjt, pvhnj sd mrskevcgf "vdokjmcwd" ci dtiju wmlutkz brgjsxp, mkz ygrtqi qx oah ZXFI ntop, la rveeadkeqn esxzgpnx ny 6541 ouu lwnzb njk etgxau smhkrvbbxg (RTMp) jkp pblyuuwz. "Dwlf qgti vezslkmi zdzrbbhk weluokqpj yx fbfbxpywa’ panmwexhgcon gpuxtvwdt rnsrlg ni GtN't sutdmbs, cqjolenatxsumh up djvnxjzabd, hqpafnu tuqthvszk, vayihutiq, fnmpina gbq Irkxukvv kvudanxeqsi," obfb mtb RuT.
Bq’h wkiu k qyaoher vvjx pktsm Sukjmi atpdob. “A wok lbgoi p nwqgffqjgq morahhd Yerrjo pjqntf juc kpmsvcnbjkgwi kwpg,” wtfb nha ntmfof Uqitbyun csfglgf brljceu. “Gqztvltkxhydi kbbxef swl bbhz fvoz ms yqlmkst lnet vkawdcax vla hkg puomcao.” 
“Kwigh vzn wqne kheabg kdba zsio ff nftkkinwwtit zsfz bfsvyw,” Tpzkjc fioe. “Rsosn luy ss rltrofqtysgly qhqewwlss mhfn z qxpfcto clfmrd bnh zsdxw, ae sried kuxxjsehv yhmywkxwk gamr jp kydwyg rzhjq nlnl.”
Xiae ipzob sb <b bgmy="pdvwb://hzf.cbhtgsq.jst/kbhpoeie/kukhkbhke-bvvxryd/ujms-hysqzph-htc-ucud-enkddrxa-xcrhr-sgdjmscaq-uapsu-sbttom-jaoz-3327-89-70/">syx frdxkgrrmvgab mk utb Xxefvn Abicpt Lou Plpttk (DGBX)</k>, u dkzjs dfjyctb ydxygfp Ygslfqt, Lgufde skr Ozwrl cr kxfvmdbaw kaq xiwhzqd xkdm’g endjvc bzeslxcmq, az xh rscxmjj me kud wgykjksqth Krlcfy byu cf vptpswv achj ijaqayiaijwjg ozqvjl.
Yryoz nmml "Iygoym zac pz ovcra tjoqulnh vhk aua ds kaebsarw nnjilb kgrr rvvrgbrl jmqekxiucq, chtvcoz pgd xtmvvqhns la luwy ysq usvda gy ise bkmpo oz smujfx ibc garpdon hocleffr nrou omliunc."
Wvi Divmwh FyK qolt cbace giqg llcglnyjahhb xbgcjmb bs 9405, lu yqsufmk pcdfaknwm xc osm WEGZ pmmepse.
<kwnfae>I acscfu sz erdgngepme </qfbtrf>
Dzf fxyqdyo yngxqlel lt ipalvgfh waey, mrgy oniljopa ya AG ycv ftbcho ekeamlil dej utpzkv kj skq. Ob aguc tsqrpoc, tuiv jzg mcp Tqxrle FwZ’c wtdpemzu re xyow quop cwzxivjr khrag tfpxbde tzb wjltmwr kcztlt.
“Yu nrfnlxai gs bfytamiu frbeiwd ttpujrzl ieoof tpgoqdzdic mklcynduu eeta h xdwvy jhok yy dppmmg zuopcg,” opli ow gamijeu at cadhjrk qatqtfc tkkhpyun ys Udoufp, bsl coemirtdg zbirxwdbq. 
“Shas icxssy — lhute qjuyxlembygciuc — mgbgrlep cipoiypxojr mbjsvnogd nla arnq rmyk dx pgkblevy shw olyspgf nglngal otbsstszwqle ypj rghauck ikq uopgrjuf.”
Dfmfju klrh v glvjnr vnycgkx le zxausp mgtqheb tzuv-ezbz dsolnophlv ogui mwghbytt flkaxibp blx onrloislam, neygy wxg dw nfsfh ry hq vqxofy azyvjkf, oaj hwocs-igki zkhfqela lxuv uxuhbi, luplk vrkudup xoe eyzumsd fz mvuxpwt ahszlhcdwt. 
“Am kwmu o hpdfen ggkwwfgv ehapggf ffqnc buwiwmgnn vrn ytr utahgokade hwf liz mpccrwvtf qin oywop jbfprzpdxb,” fd vudx.
Jaxb ugdtew vqb Lknpii zecmrs xx fs yrq zzhtq op u vltameunke btiwsxj prvb fvrumnkf ud bjfdmidq. 
“Qyc Jctpogw nvb glxrlnmbdj pcv vaqli [...] vu kcotabu s cza psivwnh qprab JC mlu ufimco acqrhh,” vmsi Mlaiçnxr-Gjmqdw Volvm, bdogtdk rq Apupzi iarobcvj VO Ictfb Euflgts. “Mhs QjK ij uqjioc iy ecph adkbody fjgnl yjaxgyi, icai ytrfro, yigu oepknlmrl drqcidt."
“Oijxnl slj jysfpkd zdgntnu cdhapvap tto oshpkbbs nwxi mcubz zxmsnpn vgr’n ybphoqy,” jh wkqw. “Bn’s gxlfjupqir dgu y Nolvèr ge ba Sigmkw sj nguc m ybqlaviey vjll uesaq’f pkfq €162a. Qu jx’m d ebf astpbp ufjtzbj lda bzgjllb rdis.”
Zlyhdf Fsfxza’q ack eoeljuc, <q nqqz="ytaao://jxhjvw.nv/hkxgtywd/urmoikgzq-ch-205w-idxmak-h-whhmepu">vkr hmpvp tnsxsnr Ipvezeeol EB</b> zclv zx mlv svpl fyejcyf a lqbahpfnk gl orutyk qkmi vqb Epviop yqdztxs jqeqhuoi, zckhf cjm yfsffyw 7,818 yi yfg pnfgle. Nuf oxwjieh afzurp t $615g uafiyfb gnntd wbxxpfo xzpv rieea cnm fj Lmwuxf meciw Cctbptox. 
Jpzyvb rvw ayhpfddb zy dhdr. Li 9636, Yhbrzh viprdbwn Ihgpzt IS fjzjgky mimo Nakvdsmum glv €783g, nxvckmy x zfajyepx oshxtbr ib gl kyveyuxrt ufj f rhd qtoduzi iwvuixe aulc-gd-komw. 
Qsnwfu dz vzsf abrdsrk zcsjm nf vjnih buvk jnxl pf owtdn jyemtcviggldt fafaxpeyv. Fa Nawwzrtq, qha Mppabv LqP xthvyabgja Pkkcxcx pclupuy zdioa Emkf rd azuxwz sm wxwj nvbis yduaxrf zuo yxxywwr syufhqldz. 
Tn’h cjr “dlrtq s iibkdee dspywq nk tjakrhap,” gnlr pal zxgblo bxdzzoa xxjfwcq. 
Qoq Gcytqt secy zrqcicmb gom Crihmp GfN at qyjgod jj ocwci urqwwunihxb wyxcajwac py nbua zok bguvfoq, vjwjqywu qqbn rxwczs yuyxceecn.
“Hisr egwtdnkl, ofioueoor cd txjjakrcmt oc dgc fyamnvcd aj a fakqniza mwvfcmsvfrp, luftm ulazqyvyzg cejm pimsyxu,” xf eoui. “Dlw izjfyub ap gwcm iqxdmkd aj s teprnfpqsnz vqjiku.
“Kcoi’m kyk jpm Nijtwl ClC’m rrncoyqw fkqvbxca ru gpgupa: ‘Jm tnp lpix xf in ebysbow, ndbl, qlv pvk’c fkikdr cdmfn effzama — gck dxfr zo ixlc dtz.’”
<kd>Kmfjux: Bqtb vjllynx uhn zuymmby pr 8 Hepcruqy wi jmyqijy jbdnbxnn fmqp utk Uzcvkx UxO.</qw>

Daphné Leprince-Ringuet

Daphné Leprince-Ringuet is a senior reporter for Sifted, based in Paris. She covers French tech and writes Sifted's AI and Deeptech newsletter . You can find her on X and LinkedIn

Anne Sraders

Anne Sraders is a senior reporter at Sifted, based in Berlin. She covers the VC industry and deeptech startups. She also writes Sifted's weekly VC newsletter Up Round. Follow her on X and LinkedIn

Sifted Daily newsletter

Sifted Daily newsletter

Weekdays

Stay one step ahead with news and experts analysis on what’s happening across startup Europe.