Armenia is best known for its long and tragic history, fearsome chess players and fiery Ararat brandy. But in the late 20th century it also acquired a reputation as the Silicon Valley of the Soviet Union. The small Caucasian nation of 3m people boasted some the country’s best technical institutes and many of its smartest engineers.
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